玉米抗粗缩病毒SCAR分子标记的开发

[目的]通过开发抗玉米粗缩病实用分子标记,实施标记辅助选择可以明显提高抗病育种效率.[方法]在对国内外152份玉米自交系粗缩病抗性鉴定的基础上,利用抗病自交系和感病自交系基因组DNA构建基因池,结合AFLP技术筛选多态扩增片段;在抗池及抗病自交系与感池及感病自交系间筛选出表现一致的多态片段转化为SCAR标记;通过152份玉米自交系粗缩病抗性鉴定验证标记与玉米粗缩病的相关性.[结果]筛选到2个与玉米粗缩病抗性显著相关的SCAR标记,即SCAR69和SCAR74.[结论]开发的SCAR(SCAR69和SCAR74)标记可应用于抗玉米粗缩病毒分子标记辅助选择.     

军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα基因全长cDNA的克隆及其组织表达分析

本研究根据其他鱼类MHC-Ⅱα基因的保守序列设计兼并引物,运用同源克隆和末端快速扩增方法扩增了军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα基因的全长cDNA序列,并对cDNA及其氨基酸序列进行了分析,比较了军曹鱼和其他物种的MHC-Ⅱα氨基酸序列的差异,分析了军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα基因的组织分布及经LPS刺激后头肾组织中MHC-Ⅱα基因的表达变化。结果表明,军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα cDNA全长998 bp,包括53 bp的5′末端非编码区（5′UTR）、234 bp的3′末端非编码区（3′UTR）及711 bp的开放阅读框（ORF）,编码236个氮基酸,其蛋白质分子质量约为25.94 ku,等电点为4.39;军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα蛋白质序列具有一些重要的特征,包括前导肽、α1、α2、CP/TM/CYT区和保守的半胱氨酸等;军曹鱼MHC-Ⅱα与鼠、人及其它鱼类的氨基酸同源性在25.0%～69.5%之间。Real-time PCR检测结果显示,MHC-Ⅱα基因在正常军曹鱼组织中均有表达,但其表达量在各种组织中存在差异,其中较强表达于头肾、鳃,中等程度表达于脾脏、肠,在心脏、脑、肌肉中表达较弱;经LPS刺激后,头肾中MHC-Ⅱα基因表达下调。     

大果沙棘实生苗氮磷配施效果研究

在青海省循化县通过对大果沙棘实生苗进行二因素四水平的氮、磷肥配合施用试验,结果表明：大果沙棘向阳品种的株高、根径和根长随着过磷酸钙、尿素的施用量的增加而增加,在过磷酸钙400kg·hm^-2,尿素150kg·hm^-2以时,株高、根茎和根长均达到最大值,之后随着过磷酸钙、尿素的施用量的增加,株高、根茎和根长增加缓慢或下降。过磷酸钙400kg·hm^-2,尿素150kg·hm^-2是向阳大果沙棘最佳基肥配比施用量。     

玉米几个自选新系与几个常用系主要性状配合力及其相关性分析

对玉米5个自选新系与11个生产上常用的骨干自交系采用NCⅡ(11×5)配成55个杂交组合.对各组合的7个主要性状进行了配合力分析,同时对6个主要性状的GCA与单株粒重的GCA进行了相关分析.结果表明,襄7298、襄2178、襄706、襄329、Lx9801、PH6WC、郑58、Y8G单株粒重的GCA较高.是值得重点利用和改良的自交系材料.襄2178×襄7298、襄706×襄7298、PH6WC×襄7298、Y8G×襄7298、襄329×襄7298、9041×襄7298、襄4887×Lx9801、Lim50×襄7298、襄706×昌7-2、襄706×浚926为强优势组合.单株粒重GCA的增加是提高产量的重要基础.选育出单株粒重GCA较高的优良新系组配出高产杂交组合的可能性较大.穗长、行粒数、千粒重GCA的增加可以有效地提高单株粒重的GCA.     

Evaluation on Chinese Bread Wheat Landraces for Low pH and Aluminum Tolerance Using Hydroponic Screening

Aluminum （Al） toxicity often takes place in acidic soils with a pH of 5.5 or lower. Breeding and cultivation of Al tolerance wheat can partially protect wheat escaping from Al toxicity. The scarcity of the tolerant sources impedes the wheat breeding. In order to find new Al tolerance sources, we screened 173 bread wheat landraces from Tibet of China using hydroponic screening. It was indicated that： （1） There were diversities on the root regenerate length （RRL）. The RRL of a large of landraces were longer than 7.00 cm in pH 7 （58.38%） and pH 4.5 （66.47%）, but shorter than 5.00 cm in pH 4.5 ＋50μM Al^3＋ （80.93%）. The low pH showed either promotion or restraining effects depend on landraces, but Al toxicity under low pH only showed restraining effects on the root elongation. （2） There were also diversities on root tolerance index of low pH （RTI 1） or root aluminum tolerance index （RTI2） among cultivars. The RTI1 varied from a narrow range but with relatively high value （0.8722-1.2953） in comparison with that of RTI2 （0.3829-1.0058）, and the RTI1 of approximately 60% landraces was higher than 1.0000, the RTI2 of only 19.07% landraces was higher than 0.7000, suggesting that Al toxicity acted as an important factor for the reduction of the root elongation under acidic soils. （3） The RTI 1 of many wheats was higher than 1.0000, and As2256 and As2295 were the most tolerant for low pH, with RTI1 1.2953 and 1.2925, respectively. （4） Based on RTI2, seven wheats showed similar or higher tolerance to Al toxicity than Chinese Spring （CS）, a known tolerance wheat. Much better tolerance existed in landraces of As1543 and As1242, which can be used as the new parents for Al tolerant breeding.     

Development of Sequence Characterized Amplified Region （SCAR） Primers for the Detection of Resistance to Sporisorium reiliana in Maize

Head smut of maize （Zea mays L.）, which was caused by Sporisorium reiliana, occurred in most of the maize growing areas of the world. The purpose of this study was to develop SCAR markers for map-based cloning of resistance genes and MAS. Two sets of BC3 progenies, one （BC3Q） derived from the cross Qi319 （resistance）×Huangzao 4 （susceptible）, the other （BC3M） from Mol7 （resistance）× Huangzao 4 （susceptible）, were generated. Huangzao 4 was the recurrent parent in both progenies. A combination of BSA （bulked segregant analysis） with AFLP （amplified fragment length polymorphism） method was applied to map the genes involving the resistance to S. reiliana, and corresponding resistant and susceptible bulks and their parental lines were used for screening polymorphic AFLP primer pairs. One fragment of PI3M61-152 was converted into SCAR （sequence charactered amplified fragment） marker S130. The marker was mapped at chromosome bin 2.09, the interval of a major QTL region previously reported to contribute to S. reiliana resistance. Furthermore, S130 was highly and facilitate map-based cloni associated with resistance to S. reiliana, and could be useful for marker-assisted selection ng of resistance genes.     

高抗性淀粉粳稻新品系稻米淀粉链长分布与主要品质特征差异

 【目的】通过对水稻抗性淀粉性状的遗传研究,为高抗性淀粉水稻资源创新与育种提供理论和实践依据。【方法】以抗性淀粉含量有显著差异的粳稻品系为材料,比较分析高低抗性淀粉粳稻品系类型间的支链淀粉链长分布、稻米RVA谱特性值、膳食纤维和直链淀粉含量等主要品质特性的差异及其相关性。【结果】高低抗性淀粉水稻品系间支链淀粉链长分布差异显著,高抗性淀粉水稻品系的支链淀粉中短链部分即聚合度为5～12所占的相对百分比率显著低于低抗性淀粉类型品系,而长链尤其是聚合度为13以上的长链比率明显高于低抗性淀粉类型品系。膳食纤维和直链淀粉含量,高抗性淀粉品系显著高于低抗性淀粉品系,最高黏度值、最终黏度值、热浆黏度值和崩解值等,高抗性淀粉品系均显著或极显著低于低抗性淀粉类型品系。抗性淀粉含量与支链淀粉短链聚合度（DP≤12）呈极显著负相关,但与支链淀粉的中长链聚合度（12＜DP≤36）呈极显著正相关,与直链淀粉含量和膳食纤维含量呈极显著正相关。【结论】水稻中支链淀粉的链长分布、直链淀粉含量和稻米RVA谱特性值与稻米抗性淀粉含量关系密切,在育种实践中可作为育种选择指标之一。     

不同浓度的ABT·GGR和NNA对矮化紫薇扦插生根的影响

[目的]为矮化紫薇的快速繁殖提供参考。[方法]以矮化紫薇插条为试材,将ABT、GGR、NAA分别配置成50、80、100、150、200mg／L5种不同浓度的溶液,对矮化紫薇插条基部进行处理,同时以清水作为对照,在扦插后第21、23、25、28天观察矮化紫薇的生根率和根长。[结果]ABT、GGR、NAA均能提高插条紫薇的生根率和根长,并促进根系和苗的生长。[结论]ABT、NAA的浓度均为100mg／L时,处理效果较好;而GGR为150mg／L的处理效果最好。     

五味子栽培种植技术

五味子,俗称山花椒,属木兰科多年生落叶木质滕本,开乳白色或淡红色小花;夏秋结浆果,球形,聚合成穗状,成熟时呈紫红色。       

厦门市翔安区新农村绿化

文章针对当前农村绿化的现状,提出新时期新农村绿化的应当结合当地的自然人文景观,改善人居环境,突出当地特色;同时要多方筹措资金,进行规划,加强管护,确保绿化质量。